临近空间与重复使用技术研究

Near Space and Reusable Technology

重复使用运载器具有快速、廉价的特性和潜在的军事应用价值,是自由进出空间的重要技术途径之一。加快推进临近空间与重复使用技术融合发展,将显著提升中国自由进出空间的能力,在空天领域竞争中占据有利地位。基于国内外发展情况,梳理了重复使用技术发展途径,深入分析了发展趋势和发展启示,从传统运载火箭构型、升力式火箭动力和组合动力3个方面探讨了重复使用技术的特点和难点,并提出了重复使用技术面临的挑战。

Reusable launch vehicle is characterized as a fast and cost efficient method for space access and return, as well as has potential value of military application. Accelerating the integrated development of near space and reusable technology in China can strongly improve the capability of space access and return and can also take advantage in the competition in aerospace field. In this article, based on the development worldwide, approaches of reusable launch vehicle are illustrated, and the development trend and insight are gained. Features and difficulties related to reusable technology are discussed from three aspects including traditional launch vehicle configuration, rocket-powered lifting-body configuration and combined-propulsion configuration. Furthermore, challenges of reusable technologies are provided.