不同田间配置对套作大豆主要虫害的种群分布影响

Effects of Different Field Configuration Modes on Population Distribution of Soybean Major Insect Pests

【目的】为明确不同田间配置对套作大豆主要害虫的影响。【方法】对大豆主要害虫进行调查,同时对天敌昆虫的分布及大豆的长势进行了分析。【结果】大豆净作的害虫虫头数最多。套作模式下高隆象成虫、二条叶甲、蝗虫、绿蝽、缘蝽和钉螺的虫头数在行比配置2∶4时最少。斜纹夜蛾幼虫和蚜虫在行比配置2∶3时数量最少。上述两种行比配置的大豆长势相关指标(株高、冠层面积、叶片面积和叶片厚度)最接近净作,大豆能够保持较好的生长状态,且产量接近净作。【结论】8种主要有害生物的数量在玉米和大豆行比配置为2∶3或者2∶4时最少,因此以上两种行比配置下大豆害虫防控效果最好,可作为优选行比配置进行推广,为完善玉米-大豆复合种植技术提供理论依据。

【Objective】Maize-soybean intercropping system has an significant impact on the population distribution of soybean major insect pests,this study was in order to clarify the effects of different field configurations on the main insect pests of soybean.【Method】The main pests were investigated while the distribution of natural enemy and the growth of soybeans was also analyzed.【Result】The numbers of major insect pests were the highest in soybean single-cropping system. In intercropping systems,the number of adult of Ergania doriae yunnanus,Paraluperodes suturalis nigrobilineatus Motsehulsky,Locusta migratoria,Nezara,Coreidae,Oncomelania hupensis were the lowest when the maize-to-soybean row ratio was 2∶ 4. The number of larva of Spodoptera litura Fabricius and Aphis glycines Matsmura were the lowest when the maize-to-soybean row ratio was 2 ∶ 3. In these two configurations,the soybean growth-related indicators（plant height,canopy area,leaf area and leaf thickness） were close to that in soybean sole cropping system. Soybean could be maintain good growth condition,and the yield was closest to that in soybean single-cropping system. 【Conclusion】The numbers of eight kinds of major harmful biology were the lowest when the maize-to-soybean row ratio was 2 ∶ 3 or 2 ∶ 4. These results suggested that the effects of control soybean major insect pests were the most effective in these two configurations. These two configurations could be used as optimization technology of maize-soybean intercropping system. This result can provide a theoretical basis for the reformation of maize-soybean intercropping system.