权力的新生:论监察留置权的制度面相与规范化运行——基于法治国家与基本人权理念的思考

The New Power: On the Systematic Aspect and Standardized Operation of Supervisory Lien——Thoughts Based on Rule of Law and Basic Human Rights

在公权力规范体系中,监察留置权是作为一项新生权力出现在公众视野中的。考察其概念面相与本质特征,监察留置是与行政、刑事调查权并行的以暂时剥夺人身自由方式调查公职人员职务违法和职务犯罪行为的监察强制调查措施。这种权力形态与尊重和保障人权的理念存在反方向的张力。因此,基于法治国家与人权保障的宪法原则与政治宣言,需要引入法律保留原则、依法留置原则、正当程序原则以及比例原则作为运行监察留置制度的基准。此外,可以在参考行政和刑事强制措施制度的制度架构逻辑和范式的基础上,从构成要件、运行程序、被留置人权利保护三个层面规范地运行监察留置权。

It is noticed by the public that the upervisory lien is a new power coming into the public power system. The supervisory lien, parallel to administrative and criminal investigation, is a monitoring of mandatory investigations to look into public officials＇ duties of illegality and duty crimes with temporarily depriving people of their freedom. It shows the tension in the opposite direction from the concept of respecting and safeguarding human rights. Therefore, based on political declarations of the rule of law and human rights protection, the principle of legal reservation, the principle of lawful retention, the principle of due process, and the principle of proportionality as the benchmarks should be introduced into the supervisory lien system. In addition, on the basis of the institutional framework logic and paradigm of reference to the administrative and criminal compulsory measure systems, the supervisory lien can be operated with standards from three aspects ofs constituent elements,operating procedures, and rights protection of the detained person.