《民法总则》视角下的成年意定监护制度研究

On the Adult Intended Guardianship System from the Perspective of General Provisions of Civil Law

新颁布的《民法总则》吸收了《老年人权益保障法》中关于意定监护的相关立法经验,较之以往,是我国监护制度的一次全面革新。改革后,将尊重被监护人真实意愿作为首要条件,贯彻和落实了最有利于被监护人权益的原则。较之《民法通则》,取得了长足的进步,符合世界的立法趋势,在老龄化问题严重的现代社会发挥了重要作用。然而,在《民法总则》中并未提到意定监护合同,也并未确立配套的意定监护监督制度,留下了制度上的缺失。因而通过分析世界范围内成年监护制度的立法趋势与立法原则,结合德、日两国相关制度的分析与比较,试对我国意定监护制度的进一步完善提出增加意定监护合同的总则性规定、确立意定监护监督制度的建议。

The newly promulgated ＂General Principles of Civil Law＂has adopted the legislative experience of the regulations relating to intended guardianship in the ＂Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly＂, which carries out a comprehensive reform of the guardianship system by reflecting the respect for the true will of the ward and the interests of the guardian. Compared with the ＂General Principles of Civil Law＂, it has made considerable progress by conforming to the world＇s legislative trend and playing an important role in the modern society with a serious aging problem. However, the ＂General Principles of Civil Law＂ has no reference to the intended guardianship contract, nor does it establish a supporting supervision system, leaving a system of defects. Therefore, by analyzing the legislative trends and legislative principles of the adult guardianship system in the world, combined with the analysis and comparison of the relevant systems in Germany and Japan, the general rules for the addition of intended guardianship contracts and the establishment of intended guardianship supervision systemare proposed for the further improvement of our country＇s intended guardianship system.