氧化应激对人源牙髓干细胞的影响:组织修复应用中的关键问题

Impact of oxidative stress on dental pulp stem cells: a key issue in tissue repair

背景:氧化应激病理状态下牙种植成功率较低是当前种植手术亟待解决的问题之一。人源牙髓干细胞具有高度繁殖、自我更新及多向分化潜能,应用于组织工程修复组织缺损已取得一定的成绩,但是随着对氧化应激研究的深入,如何消除氧化应激对人源牙髓干细胞在组织工程中应用的不利影响为当务之急。目的:综述近年来人源牙髓干细胞在组织工程中的应用及氧化应激对人源牙髓干细胞的影响。方法:以"牙髓干细胞;氧化应激"为中文检索词,以"dental pulp stem cells;oxidative stress"为英文检索词,应用计算机在CNKI数据库和Pub Med数据库检索2001年1月至2017年12月的相关文章,将所有文章进行初步筛选后,对最终纳入的50篇文献进一步分析、归纳与总结。结果与结论:(1)人源牙髓干细胞具有高度增殖、自我更新能力和多向分化潜能;(2)人源牙髓干细胞的免疫调节功能是通过副分泌机制的可溶性因子和细胞因子,通过抑制T淋巴细胞和调节性T细胞上调导致免疫耐受;(3)氧化应激作为一种影响细胞存活的重要因素,阻碍细胞增殖和分化,其过程涉及多种信号转导途径;(4)人源牙髓干细胞应用于组织工程及再生医学中修复组织缺损的研究尚处于起步阶段,其调控机制存在着诸多问题,未来研究有必要进一步确定人源牙髓干细胞的氧化应激机制。

BACKGROUND： The low success rate of dental implants under oxidative stress is one of the problems that needs to be resolved urgently. Human dental pulp stem cells（HDPSCs） have a high potential for multiplication, self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. HDPSCs have achieved some success in tissue engineering for repairing tissue defects. However, with the in-depth research on oxidative stress, eliminating the adverse effect of oxidative stress on HDPSCs used in tissue engineering becomes urgent. OBJECTIVE： To review the application progress of HDPSCs in tissue engineering in recent years and to summarize the effects of oxidative stress on HDPSCs. METHODS： Using ＂dental pulp stem cells; oxidative stress＂ as the Chinese and English search terms, we retrieved CNKI and Pub Med databases for relevant articles published from January 2001 to December 2017, respectively.After initial screening, 50 eligible articles were further detailed, analyzed and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： HDPSCs have the potential of multiplication, self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. Immunoregulatory mechanism of HDPSCs is achieved through sub-secreting soluble factors and cytokines and inhibiting the upregulation of T lymphocytes and regulatory T cells, which leads to immune tolerance. Oxidative stress as an important factor affecting cell survival impedes cell proliferation and differentiation via a variety of signal transduction pathways. Current studies on the application of HDPSCs in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for tissue defect repair are still in its infancy, and there are many problems concerning its regulatory mechanism. Further determination of the oxidative stress mechanism of HDPSCs is warranted.