方苞在异乡南京的宗族文化重建

FANG Bao's Reconstruction of Clan Culture in Nanjing

桐城桂林方氏乃一名门望族,宗族文化根基雄厚,但经历"江南丁酉科场案"与"戴名世《南山集》案"两次重大冲击后,宗族统绪涣散中衰。方苞身处此时,且因生于金陵、长于金陵、著书授徒金陵、长眠金陵,以"宗族精英"身份在异地展开宗族重建努力:恢复"族居"与"族葬",给生人与先祖在金陵寻找"义居",为重建方氏宗族秩序赋予合法性地位;一再申述三兄弟合葬要"以义衡之""义明恩洽",树立宗族中兄弟和睦、子侄相爱的"范式";营建"教忠祠",正宗法,举义田,"祠成之日,会祀于金陵者五十有七人",桐城方氏在金陵再度中兴。相较于以往认为方苞重"礼""法"而言,方苞在宗族观上更重"义",认为"义以出礼""法以义起",因此"以义制事",以"义"来统摄宗族的"礼""法",尊祖、敬宗、收族,"义"是方氏宗族精神的核心要义。

The clan name of Fang in Tongcheng County was a noble one and their clan culture foundation, being solid and strong for a long period, started to decline after experiencing＂Jiangnan Dingyou Examination Case＂and＂DAI Mingshi＇s Nanshan Works Case＂. As clan elite,FANG Bao made an obvious effort to rebuild his clan in Nanjing, the place where he was born, grew up, worked and was buried. He renewed clan congregated habitation and clan congregated burying ground, looking for habit for living and late clansmen, and making it legal to rebuild clan order for Fang family. He requested his family members to bury three brothers together by following the mode of universal fraternity. He constructed the temple of justice＂Jiaozhong Ci＂for his clan and set up clan order, so as to make Tongcheng Fang rise sharply again in Nanjing.FANG Bao emphasized＂righteousness＂more than＂courtesy＂and＂discipline＂, and＂righteousness＂is a core element of their clan spirit.