副词“渐”虚化历程中的“双源合流”现象

The Dual-origin Confluence in the Grammaticalization of Adverb “Jian”

现代汉语副词"渐"的虚化历程存在两个源头:表"渐进义"的渐1()与表"浸渍义"的渐2(渐)。二者在上古汉语中字体结构相同、音韵相近。字形上,前者在先秦时期发生讹变后与后者字形重合;音韵上,后者历经中古以至近代汉语各阶段逐渐与前者靠拢合并;词义上,动词"渐"在高频使用中发生语义泛化和抽象化,虚化为副词;功能上,在认知图式的思维结构驱动下,副词"渐"表现为描摹框架和修饰框架两种结构形态。汉语"渐变"范畴符合世界诸语言间的类型学语义共性。

The Adverb＂Jian＂in Chinese language has two origins in its grammaticalization： the meaning of approaching and the meaning of soaking. These two origins had similar character form and phonology in ancient Chinese language. In terms of form, the former was mistakenly transformed to be the same as the latter in the Pre-Qin Dynasty; in terms of phonology, the latter got close to the former after its evolution in middle ancient and even modern times; in terms of meaning, the meaning of＂Jian＂as a verb was gradually generalized and abstracted and became an Adverb; in terms of function, driven by the thinking mode of cognitive diagram, adverb＂Jian＂represents two structural forms of describing frame and modifying frame. This kind of evolution is consistent with semantic commonness of typology among world languages.