产业升级:职业教育的机遇与挑战——国外职业教育支持国家发展战略的经验及启示

Industrial Upgrade:Opportunities and Challenges of Vocational Education——Experience and Implications of Foreign Vocational Education in Support of National Development Strategy

为迎接新一轮技术革命挑战,我国需要实现产业和劳动力的战略"双"转型,这对我国高素质技能型人才的保有量提出更高要求。英、美、德等发达国家均将职业教育作为实现国家发展战略的重要组成部分,通过发展职业教育确保高技能劳动力供给,从而实现高端产业发展。考察我国职业教育发展可以得到三点启示:一是强化政府引导,建设"产学研协同创新联盟",提升国家竞争力;二是结合区域产业集群,合理布局职业教育专业设置;三是加强职业教育与培训,促使人力资本增量与存量双改善。

To meet the challenge of new technological revolution,China needs to achieve a ＂double＂strategic transformation of both industries and labor,which put forward higher requirements for the availability of high-quality skilled talents.The developed countries,such as the United Kingdom,the United States and Germany,all regard vocational education as an important part of the national development strategy,through which the supply of high-skilled labor could be ensured to achieve high-end industry development.As far as vocational education in China is concerned,three implications can be obtained from it：first,to strengthen government guidance and build a＂Cooperative Innovation Alliance of Industry,Academy and Research＂,promoting national competitiveness;second,to integrate the regional industrial clusters,allocating resources reasonably for the professional setting of vocational education;third,to enhance vocational education and training,improving human capital inventory and increment.