玄奘对唐代丝绸之路拓展的历史贡献——以《大唐西域记》及《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》为中心

Xuan Zang's Historical Contributions to the Development of Silk Road in Tang Dynasty——Taking On Xuan Zang's Travels in India and The Biography of Monk Xuan Zang of Da Cien Temple as the Center

关于玄奘西行求法的历程,《大唐西域记》《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》的记载较为完备。从汉唐丝绸之路开拓发展的角度来看,玄奘对于中外文化交流有着重要的历史贡献。这种贡献表现为:一是他通过《大唐西域记》完整地记录了古印度的历史面貌、风俗物产、文化宗教等情况,是对汉代张骞所开凿丝绸之路在地域上的新拓展;二是他以其亲历亲闻,对唐初西域诸国的情况,作了更为翔实的记述,为唐代的丝绸之路西域段留下了极为珍贵的文献资料,并给丝路交往增添了丰富的文化蕴涵;三是玄奘西行之旅以佛教为纽带,更多地具有文化交流特点,这在汉代张骞所开通的丝路交往之外,增添了政治、军事、经济交流之外的新内容;四是玄奘的西行作为一次文化交流之旅,既有文化的吸纳,也有智慧的输出,体现了文化交往中的平等原则,以及以才德服人的风采,彰显了文化交流的本义,为不同国家与民族的文明交往树立了光辉的典范。

On the course of Xuan Zang’s seeking Buddhism law of the west, On Xuan Zang’s Travels in India and The Biography of Monk Xuan Zang of Da Cien Temple are comparatively complete. From the perspective of the development of the Silk Road in Han and Tang Dynasties, Xuan Zang has an important historical contribution to the cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.This kind of contribution is as follows： First, he has recorded the historical appearance,customs, culture and religion of ancient India in a complete way, which are the new development of the Silk Road; Second, he has made more detailed accounts of the situation of the western regions in the early Tang Dynasty,which left a very valuable literature for the Silk Road in the western region of the Tang Dynasty, and added rich cultural implication to the Silk Road intercourse; Third, Xuan Zang’s travelling in India takes Buddhism as the link,and has the more cultural exchange characteristic, which has added the new content of the political, the military, the economic exchange; Finally, Xuan Zang’s travelling in India is regarded as a cultural exchange tour, which has the absorption of culture and the output of wisdom. It embodies the principle of equality in cultural intercourse as well as the style of convincing people,and shows the original meaning of cultural exchange, which set up a glorious model for different countries and nations’ civilized intercourse.