儿童静脉输液不良反应现状及危险因素分析

Analysis on Adverse Reactions and Risk Factors of Intravenous Infusion in Children

目的分析儿童静脉输液不良反应的现状及危险因素。方法收集医院2016年4月至2017年4月静脉输液的188例患儿的临床资料,根据患儿不良反应发生情况分为不良反应组(134例)和正常组(54例)。采用单因素分析法和Logistic多元回归分析法分析儿童静脉输液不良反应的原因,并根据分析结果提出相应对策。结果单因素分析结果显示,与正常组对比,不良反应组在皮试液及药物配置时间、抗生素连续注射次数、是否了解抗生素连续注射禁忌、护士对用药适应证了解程度、滴速、药物保管等方面均有差异(P<0.05)。皮试液及药物配置时间过长、抗生素连续注射次数多、护士用药适应证了解少、滴速快、药物保存不当,可能是患儿静脉输液后发生不良反应的原因。Logistics分析结果显示,皮试液及药物配置时间、抗生素连续注射次数、抗生素连续注射禁忌了解程度、护士用药适应证了解程度、滴速和药物保存是儿童静脉输液产生不良反应的危险因素。结论儿童静脉输液时,皮试液和药物现配现用、减少抗生素连续注射、加强护士对用药适应证的了解、选择合适的滴速、合理保管药物,可减少儿童静脉输液不良反应的发生。

Objective To analyze the adverse reactions and risk factors of intravenous infusion in children. Methods The clinical data of 188 children patients treated with intravenous infusion in our hospital from April 2016 to April 2017 were selected and divided into the adverse reaction group（ n = 134） and the normal group（ n = 54） according to the incidence rate of adverse reactions. The causes of adverse reactions of intravenous infusion in children patients were analyzed by single factor analysis and Logistic multiple regression analysis, and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward based on the analysis results. Results The results of single factor analysis showed that the skin test fluid and drug configuration time, continuous times of antibiotic injection, the understanding level of taboo of continuous injection of antibiotics,nurses＇ knowledge of the clinical indications,dripping speed,the drug preservation and other aspects in the adverse reaction group had difference from those in the normal group（ P 0. 05）. Longer skin test fluid and drug allocation time,more continuous times of antibiotic injection,less medicine indications knowledge of nurses,faster dripping speed and improper drug preservation were the reasons for adverse reaction in children undergoing intravenous infusion. Logistics analysis results showed that the skin test fluid and drug configuration time,continuous times of antibiotic injection,the understanding level of taboo of continuous injection of antibiotics, nurses＇ knowledge of the clinical indications, dripping speed and the drug preservation were risk factors for adverse reactions in children undergoing intravenous infusion. Conclusion When the children are undergoing intravenous infusion, the skin test fluid and drug allocation should be prepared when it need,so as to reduce the continuous injection of antibiotics. Strengthening nurses＇ knowledge of medication indications, choosing the suitable dripping speed and reasonably preserving drugs can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in children.