初三学生遭受校园欺凌对健康的影响——基于中国教育追踪调查的分析

On-campus bullying of 9th grade students and its impacts on health:An empirical analysis based on China education panel survey

目的:了解初三学生在过去一年间受校园欺凌状况,分析受欺凌经历和不同受欺凌类型对学生身心健康的影响。方法:2016年中国教育追踪调查采用PPS和整群抽样,调查对象为在校初三学生,共8 600名。采用问卷调查收集调查对象基本情况,比较学生过去一年遭受肢体欺凌、言语欺凌、社交欺凌和网络欺凌的情况,基于多因素OLS回归模型和多因素有序logistic回归模型,分别探究校园欺凌对心理健康和生理健康的影响。结果:过去一年遭受过言语欺凌的学生比例为49.29%,社交欺凌为37.69%,肢体欺凌为18.41%,网络欺凌为14.08%。心理健康多因素OLS回归分析结果表明,遭受校园欺凌是学生心理健康的危险因素,其中社交欺凌的危害最大,其次是言语欺凌。生理健康多因素有序logistic回归结果表明,受欺凌学生的患病风险高于未受欺凌学生,言语欺凌是生理健康的重要危险因素。结论:当前校园欺凌形式上以言语欺凌为主,网络欺凌成为校园欺凌新形式。遭受校园欺凌对学生的身心健康均有负面影响,社交欺凌是心理健康的主要危险因素,言语欺凌对学生的生理健康危害更大。

Objectives： To analyze the prevalence of bullying behavior among students of 9 th grade across China in 2016 and to determine the impact of different types of bullying on students＇ physical and mental health. Methods：This paper adopted the China Education Panel Survey（ CEPS） conducted in 2016 using the sample design of PPS and cluster sampling. The survey population involved students of 9 th grade and 8600 of them were respondents of the prepared questionnaire. Opting for the survey questionnaires to collect the basic information from the survey subjects,the study measured and compared the prevalence of physical,verbal,social and cyber bullying observed in 2016.Therefore,impacts of bullying on physical and mental/psychological health of students were respectively examined using multiple OLS regression model and multi-factor sequential logit model. Results： The results of the survey found that during the past academic year,49. 29% of students suffered verbal bullying,37. 69% experienced social bullying followed by 18. 41% for those who caught physical bullying and finally 14. 08% were cyber bullied. The results of the multiple OLS regression analysis indicated that being bullied was a risk factor for students＇ mental health,and social bullying was the most deleterious,followed by verbal bullying. The multi-factor sequential logit model results showed that the risk of illness was higher for students who were bullied than for those who were not bullied and verbal bullying was a notable health risk factor for physical health of students. Conclusions： Currently,verbal bullying is the most prevalent of the existing types of bullying in schools while new problems emerged with cyber bullying. Being bullied has a negative effect on both physical and mental health of students. The main risk factor for mental health is social bullying and verbal bullying presents higher risks for physical health of students.