山地自行车运动员高原训练下山时间的研究

Research on the Downhill Time of Mountain Cycling Athletes in Altitude Training

研究目的:探索山地自行车运动员高原训练最佳下山参赛时间规律,建立"训练模式化,参赛程序化"的高原训练—平原比赛模式,并加以实施,为我国山地自行车运动员最终在世界大赛上创造优异成绩提供参考依据。研究对象与方法:运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、观察法、测试法、数据统计法等研究方法对安徽省山地自行车队男子运动员高原训练前后8周次生化指标数据进行分析研究,并对各站比赛赛后次日晨生化指标与比赛运动成绩进行相关的统计学分析。研究结果:1)高原训练前后山地自行车男子运动员血红蛋白(HB)、血尿素(BUN)、睾酮(T)等各项生化指标均发生了规律性变化;2)山地自行车男子运动员赛后次日晨BUN、T值与比赛成绩的相关系数分别为R=-0.717,P=0,R=-0.437,P=0.037,显著性差异。结论与建议:1)以高原训练前后的生化指标可以作为训练计划制定的重要参考依据。2)山地自行车男子运动员进行高原训练后到平原地区参加比赛的最佳时间为赛前4-6天,建议对同一运动员多次高原训练的生化指标进行系统研究,个体化制定训练、参赛计划。3)山地自行车男子运动员赛后次日晨BUN值与运动成绩之间呈高度负相关,赛后次日晨T值与运动成绩之间呈中度负相关。相较一般水平运动员,比赛对优秀运动员的T值影响更大,优秀运动员在赛期的恢复能力更强。

Objective： The aim of the article is to explore the better time when the mountain cycling athletes in altitude training are back to plain and build the mode of plateau Training-plain competition called ＂Altitude Training mode,Plain participating programming ＂,in order to offer references for Chinese Mountain cycling athletes in the world＇s series to create outstanding results. Methods： Using literature analysis,expert interviews,observation method,test method,data statistics and so on,to explore Anhui men mountain cycling athletes＇ change of biochemical indexes before and after altitude training（ once a week,8 times）,and the correlation between race and biochemical indexes（ tested on the next morning） and race result. Results： 1） The biochemical indexes of hemoglobin（ HB）,blood urea（ BUN）,testosterone（ T） and other biochemical indexes of men ＇s mountain cycling athletes have been changed before and after the altitude training; 2） The correlation coefficient of BUN,T value（ which were tested in the morning of the next day） and competition result of the men＇s mountain cycling race was R =-0. 717,P = 0,R =-0. 437,P = 0. 037; significant. Conclusions： 1） It is suggest that the biochemical indexes before and after training as an important reference for the training plan. 2） The best time for men＇s mountain cycling athletes to participate in the competition after the altitude training to the plain area is 4-6 days. It is suggested that a systematic study on the biochemical indexes of the same athlete for altitude training has been carried out. 3） Anhui men ＇s mountain cycling athletes＇ BUN value and performance was negatively correlated; similarly,the T value sports performance was negatively correlated. Compared with the average level of athletes,competition of elite athletes,we suggest T level impacts greater,and outstanding athletes in the offseason recover more quickly.