两种不同养殖模式对青鱼肌肉营养品质的影响

Effects of two different culture modes on muscle nutrients of black carp

为了评价池塘内循环"水槽式"养殖(试验组)与池塘传统养殖(对照组)模式的商品青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)肌肉营养品质差异,试验分析了鲜活鱼肌肉的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸、挥发性风味物质等营养品质指标.结果表明:与对照组青鱼相比,试验组青鱼肌肉脂肪含量降低14.23%(P<0.05),蛋白质、水分、灰分含量基本相当(P>0.05);试验组青鱼肌肉氨基酸总量高于对照组0.90%(P>0.05),呈味氨基酸含量高于对照组6.86%(P<0.05),必需氨基酸低于对照组1.91%(P>0.05);两组青鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成一致,试验组青鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸总量略低于对照组1.29%(P>0.05),但是二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)分别高出对照组187.10%和28.00%(P<0.05);试验组青鱼中醛类、醇类和含苯环类等挥发性的风味物质低于对照组,但是试验组壬醛和1-辛烯-3-醇等腥味物质含量也更低.综上所述,青鱼在池塘内循环"水槽式"养殖模式下能有良好的适应性,各营养指标都处于较好的状态,该养殖模式是一种适合青鱼集约化养殖的水产养殖新模式.

In order to evaluate nutritional quality of black carp（Mylopharyngodon piceus） muscle under recirculating aquaculture（the treatment group） and conventional farming（the control group）, nutritional quality indexes including the protein, amino acids, fatty acids and volatile flavor substances were determined. Compared with the control group, the fat content of black carp of treatment group significantly decreased 14.23%（p〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in the moisture content, ash content and crude protein content between two groups（p〉0.05） between treatment and control group. Total amino acid content and the flavor amino acid content of muscle of the treatment group were 0.90%（p〈0.05）and 6.86%（p〉0.05） higher than that of control group. The essential amino acid content of muscle of the treatment group was slightly lower than the control group 1.91%（p〈0.05）. The composition of muscular fatty acids of black carp samples in two groups was essentially the same. Unsaturated fatty acid of the treatment group was 1.29% lower than that of the control group（p〈0.05）; whereas the DHA and EPA of the treatment group were 187.10% and 28.00% higher than that of the control group, respectively（p〈0.05）. Content of volatile flavour compounds, aldehydes, alcohols, and containing benzene ring type material of the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group. The content of esters, hydrocarbons and other substances were higher than that of the control group. But the content of unflavour fish smell substances containing a little amount of nonylaldehyde and 1-octene-3-alcohol of black carp of the treatment group was further lower than that of the control group. In summary, black carp in recirculating cultivation mode has a good adaptability and better nutrient composition. The results suggest that it is a new mode suitable for intensive farming aquaculture of black carp.