连接组和连接组计划

Connectome and connectome projects

连接组就是神经系统中所有神经细胞相互连接关系的总体。个体的特性在很大程度上取决于其连接组,因此画出神经细胞相互连接的"线路图"就成了脑科学研究的一个基础前沿课题。本文对宏观和微观连接组研究、人类连接组计划、美国艾伦脑科学研究所的连接组研究作了综述,最后并对以连接组研究为代表的大科学、团队科学与公开科学作了讨论。

The so called connectome is all the connections between neurons in nervous systems. The characteristics of every individual depend on its connectome in some way, thus to draw the circuit of the interconnections between neurons becomes a basic frontier for brain research. Macroscopic and microscopic connectome studies, human connectome project, the connectome research in Allen Institute for Brain Science are reviewed in this paper, and the problems about big science, team science and open science related to connectome studies are also discussed.