散发性眼咽远端型肌病的临床、肌肉影像与电生理特点

Clinical, muscle imaging and electrophysiological features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy

目的探讨眼咽远端型肌病(oculopharyngodistal myopathy,OPDM)的临床、电生理及肌肉核磁影像特点及病理、分子遗传学特点。方法报告1例临床诊断OPDM的临床特点、肌电图、肌肉核磁及病理分析结果、分子遗传学资料,对受累肌肉分布情况及肌电图改变,结合文献进行比较分析。结果患者25岁发病,肌肉受累顺序先后为:眼肌、咽喉肌、肢体远端、双下肢近端,肌酸激酶轻度升高。心脏超声:左室增大,二尖瓣轻度反流,左室舒张功能下降。肌电图显示:脱髓鞘性周围神经病,肌源性损害,为混合性损害。肌肉病理显示:肌源性损害伴镶边空泡肌纤维、可疑线粒体代谢异常。肌肉核磁:小腿脂肪化明显重于大腿,小腿以后群肌受累为主。二代测序未发现已知的远端性肌病、肌营养不良、肌原纤维肌病、空泡性肌病基因突变。结论该患者为散发病例,OPDM作为一类独立表型的肌病,以肌肉受累为主,可以出现脱髓鞘性周围神经损害、心脏受累等多系统表现。

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and electrophysiological, muscle imaging and pathological, molecular features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy（OPDM）. Methods The clinical electrophysiological,muscle imaging and pathological, molecular data was collected from a case of OPDM. Data analysis was conducted together with a literature. Results The onset age of the patient was 25 years old. The sequential order of involved muscle was upper eyelid muscle, external ocular, laryngopharyngeal, facial, distal limb muscle and proximal upper limb. Serum creatine kinase was mildly elevated. Electromyography revealed myogenic changes with demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Myopathological findings showed myopathic changes with rimmed vacuoles. Muscle image showed that fatty replacement of was more severe in lower legs than in thigh. Posterior muscle was severely involved in lower legs. All known genes responsible for distal and myofibrillar myopathies, vacuolar myopathies, and muscular dystrophies were excluded by targeted next-generation sequencing. Conclusion The case is a sporadic case. OPDM is a disease with a unique phenotype which not only affects muscle but also involves multiple system（demyelinating peripheral neuropathy、heart disease and so on）.