社区精神分裂症患者低体重率及相关因素分析

Prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical correlations of underweight in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia

目的探讨精神分裂症患者低体重率及相关社会人口学和临床特征危险因素。方法纳入503例社区精神分裂症患者与323名健康对照,以体质指数小于18.5 kg/m2定义低体重,比较两组低体重率;收集患者组社会人口学资料、临床资料以及实验室检查指标,阳性和阴性症状量表中文版(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)评估患者精神症状,分析患者低体重的相关因素。结果社区精神分裂症患者低体重率为9.9%(50/503),对照组为1.5%(5/323),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.74~3.39)、吸烟(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.21~1.86)、住院次数(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.06~1.31)、PANSS阴性症状因子分(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.04~1.14)是低体重的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者体重不足较为常见,远高于健康人群,需要重点关注男性、吸烟、多次住院及阴性症状突出的患者。

Objective This study examined the prevalence of underweight and its related risk factors of community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Methods Five hundred and three community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia and 323 healthy controls were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Body mass index less than 18.5 was defined as underweight. Their demographic and clinical data including anthropometric data, plasma glucose and lipid parameters were collected. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（PANSS） was used to assess patients＇ psychopathology. Results The prevalence of underweight was 9.9%（50/503） in schizophrenia patients versus 1.5%（ 5/323） in the control group（ P〈 0. 01）. Further logistic regression analysis showed that male（ OR = 2. 43, 95 % CI ：1.74 -3.39）, smoking behavior（OR =1.50, 95% CI： 1.21 -1.86）, hospitalization times（OR =1.18, 95% CI： 1.06 -1.31）,PANSS negative score（ OR = 1. 09, 95 % CI ： 1. 04 - 1. 14） were significant predictors for underweight（ all P〈 0. 05）.Conclusion The prevalence of underweight is higher in Chinese patients with schizophrenia than in the general population. Some demographic and clinical variables are risk factors for underweight in schizophrenia.