“养小不养老”与“孝为先”的意识冲突

Consciousness Conflict between “Raising Children but not Providing for the Elderly”and “Filial Piety”

"孝为先"是中国的传统文化理念,它不仅教育子代要知恩图报、回馈善行,更重要的是引导人们承担社会责任和义务,但现实一直存在忠孝不能两全的矛盾困境,随着时代变迁,这种矛盾更加凸显。反思社会"养小不养老"的选择或为无奈之选择,其成因包括:医疗技术发展加剧养老能力与养老成本的矛盾,老年人寿命延长和子女赡养能力局限的矛盾,中国30余年的独生子女政策使子代赡养能力自然削弱,城市发展导致人口迁移并挑战家庭养老,家庭结构不稳定影响养老,社会养老的准备不足等。为保障代际公平和提高人们的生活质量,倡导科学养老观,要尊重老年人自主权,完善和促进生前预嘱、安宁疗护等基本需求的评估和监管工作,通过开展相应研究,创建科学养老的系统工程,完善社会养老保障制度。

＂Filial piety＂is China＇s traditional culture. It not only educates the offspring to be grateful and to repay good deeds,but more importantly guides people to take up social responsibilities and obligations. However,there are always contradiction dilemmas between loyalty and filial piety in reality. With the change of the times,this kind of contradiction is getting more prominent. Rethinking the choice of ＂raising the children but not providing for the elderly＂or choosing for helplessness,the causes of which include： the development of medical technology aggravates the contradiction between the ability and the cost of providing for the elderly,the contradiction between the prolongation of the life of the elderly and the limitation of their children＇s ability to support them; China＇s one-child policy for more than 30 years has weakened the support capacity of the offspring; urban development leads to population migration and challenges family pension; the instability of family structure affects providing for the elderly; social pension is inadequately prepared and so on. To guarantee intergenerational equity and improve people＇s quality of life,it should advocate the scientific view of providing for the elderly,which must respect the elderly＇s autonomy,improve and promote the assessment and supervision of basic needs such as living will,hospice care,and medical abandonment. Through carrying out relevant research,it should establish a systematic project of good Chinese-style scientific pension and improve the social pension security system.