代孕可能的风险分析和立法建议

Possible Risk Analysis of Surrogacy and Legislative Proposals

目的更好地理解代孕技术,使代孕能够作为人类辅助生殖技术之一在中国社会被更有序、合规、合法地使用。方法通过文献检索等方法,分析代孕行为各个阶段可能存在的风险。结果我国明确禁止代孕,但是代孕现象客观存在,代孕风险存在于代孕行为整个过程,不同的阶段存在的风险各异,缺乏完善的法律保障各方的权益。结论为避免伦理和法律纷争而消极地禁止代孕难见成效,代孕暗箱操作屡禁不止,唯有制定法律,积极地应对代孕问题,规范代孕伦理原则、准入条件、违法惩处等,从根本上应对可能的风险,从而有效保障代孕各方权益。因此,关于代孕立法规范的出台刻不容缓。

Objective： To better understand surrogate technology,so as to enable surrogacy to be used more orderly,rationally and legitimately in Chinese society as one of human assisted reproductive technologies. Methods：Through literature retrieval and other methods,this paper analyzed the possible risks of surrogate behavior at various stages. Results： China explicitly prohibited surrogacy,but surrogacy existed objectively. The risk of surrogacy existed in the entire process of surrogacy,and the risks varied in different stages. There lacked perfect legal protection for the rights and interests of all parties. Conclusion： It is not effective to ban surrogacy negatively in order to avoid ethical and legal disputes,and surrogacy is often illegal for many times. It should only formulate the authoritative laws actively to respond to surrogacy issues,standardize the ethical principles of surrogacy,access conditions,and illegal punishment,and fundamentally deal with possible risks so as to effectively protect the rights and interests of all parties of surrogacy. Therefore,the introduction of the legislative regulation on surrogacy should not be delayed.