中止犯的减免处罚根据——以被害人为视角

The Punishment Remission Foundation of Discontinued Offenders

当前关于中止犯减免处罚根据的研究主要以犯罪行为人为视角展开的,这种研究路径存在着诸多缺陷。法律说主张中止犯的违法性或责任低于未遂犯,这是对中止行为性质的误判,中止行为作为一种量刑情节无法回溯性地减少业已存在的违法性或责任;量刑目的说和中止动机说都以中止犯缺乏预防必要性为由对其免除刑罚,但是仅依据中止犯在犯罪过程中的表现就推定中止犯缺乏预防必要性,可谓"大胆的猜测"。应该转变研究路径,将关注重点转向被害人,以行为人在犯罪过程中对被害人法益的救助效果来认定中止犯是否成立以及刑罚减免的适用问题,以深化对中止犯的理论研究。

At present, the research on punishment for the reduction and remission of discontinued offenders was mainly based on the perspective of criminal behavior, but there are many flaws in this research path. The legal doctrine claims that the offense or discontinuance offender responsibility is lower than attempted offender, making the misjudgment of discontinuance behavior nature, the act of discontinuance behavior is a sentencing plot, which can not only reduce the existing illegality or responsibility. The purpose of sentencing and positive general prevention is claiming that the discontinued offenders are exempt from punishment in the necessity of preventing discontinuance, but called ＂bold guess＂ that is not necessary to prevent discontinuance offenders based on their performance in the criminal process.We should change the research path and turn the focus to victim, in order to deepen the theoretical research on discontinued offenders.