宫廷“散志澄怀”与清代士风

On Sanzhi Chenghuai in the Palace and the Scholar-officials' Fashion in Qing Dynasty

清代宫廷中的"散志澄怀"是指帝王和士人广泛参与,以宫廷生活、宫廷雅集及相关的山水景观、书画音乐等为表现对象,进行文学艺术创作的一种特殊文化现象。从帝王一方面看,"散"志不"散",而是有一定的政治目的,缺乏出尘的心境,也难有真正的澄怀。从汉族士人一方面看,参与"散志澄怀"活动,自觉或不自觉地迎合帝王的好尚,客观上促成了满汉对立士风的转变,文坛的整体风气也在无形中得到整饬。而在不同阶段中,部分作品也映射出清代士人不同的家国情怀。

Sanzhi Chenghuai＂was a special cultural phenomenon in Qing Dynasty,with which the emperors and the scholar-officials were widely involved to create literature and art.The subjects of it were the court life,the collection of the court and the related landscape,the painting and music,etc.From the respective of the emperor,＂sanzhi＂is not＂idle＂,but has a certain political purpose.＂Chenghuai＂needs a kind of detachment psychology.It is difficult for the emperor to achieve the pure spiritual aesthetic feeling.From the perspective the scholar-officials,they participated the activity of＂Sanzhi Chenghuai＂,consciously or unconsciously pandering to the emperor＇s taste,and objectively promoted the transformation of the antagonistic fashion.The culture of the literary circles was also reorganized.In different stages,some works also reflects their different＂Family-country＂emotions.