一次强沙尘暴天气成因分析及对农牧业的影响

The Cause Analysis of a Strong Sandstorm and Its Influence on Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

利用常规气象观测资料、卫星遥感监测图和地面自动气象站资料分析了2017年春季发生在内蒙古通辽地区的一次强沙尘暴天气。分析结果发现,该次沙尘暴的主要影响系统是地面冷锋和蒙古气旋,高空急流及地面较强气压梯度有利于大风、沙尘暴的加强,散度场以及假相当位温分布特征分别为强沙尘天气提供有力的动力条件和热力条件,地形特征、前期气候条件和具有沙尘源的下垫面是形成沙尘暴的物质基础。卫星遥感和地面自动气象站的实时监测对沙尘暴具有指示意义;大风和沙尘暴对农业及生产生活造成一定影响,也破坏了草原生态环境和畜牧业生产。

Using conventional meteorological observation data, satellite remote sensing images and ground automatic weather station data, a strong sandstorm process in Tongliao was analyzed. The results showed that the strong Mongolian cyclone and the ground cold front were the main influencing factors associated with the strong sandstorm weather; the upper level jet streams and the strong surface pressure gradient were favorable for the strengthening of wind and sandstorm; the divergence field and the potential pseudo-equivalent temperature distribution feature provided powerful dynamic and thermal conditions for the strong sandstorm, respectively; the terrain feature, the early climate conditions and the underlying surface with sand dust source were the material basis for the formation of sandstorm. The satellite remote sensing and the real-time surface auto-observation data had indicative significance for sandstorm; the strong wind and sandstorm not only affected the agricultural production and peoples＇ life, but also destroyed the grassland ecological environment and animal husbandry production.