马王堆帛书《五十二病方》祝由语“喷”义及其宗教文化意蕴

The Meaning and Religious Implication about Witchcraft Language Pen (喷) in Mawangdui Silk Texts Wushier Bingfang

马王堆汉墓出土帛书材料中的《五十二病方》记载有上古的祝由疗法,其中"喷"法是重要驱病术,但祝由语中也频频出现"喷"字,在句义与语法上都难以用其本义来理解。结合后世禁方材料与勾勒宗教观念的演变,可以推断出"喷"与"喷者"在祝由语中应皆是表明祝由者身份的标志语,它们并不一定具有实际意义。

Mawangdui Silk Texts Wushier Bingfang（52 Therapies）recorded the witchcraft therapies in the Chinese ancient time,among which,the therapy about Pen（喷）is very important.However,the character of Pen（喷）also usually emerges in the witchcraft language.Apparently,it is not easy to understand either in sentence meaning or grammar.If based on the later materials about the witchcraft therapies,we can find that Pen（喷）and Penzhe（喷者）are words to identify the wizards,and these words not always have the specific meanings.