“网络众筹”的法教义学与政策学的刑法分析及其合理定位

Crowdfunding in the Way of Dogmatic of Law and Criminal Policy

网络众筹是多处于弱化的间接融资形态,由于具有这种特殊的金融地位,其所涉及到的法律风险是亟待明晰的。从法教义学视角分析,以兜底条款的非法吸收公众存款罪为典型,通过厘清非法集资行为中"非法性、公开性、利诱性、社会性"四个特质的刑法认定标准,发现在民间融资行为与非法集资的区分上,非法集资具有扩张的本性;从刑事政策视角分析,发现在经济犯罪的刑事政策演变中,金融刑事政策对不同众筹模式具有限缩影响。最终认为,在一定程度上,对成文法的解释可以缩小规范与事实之间的张力,但是具有一定的局限性,此时需要介入刑事政策的考量,这样才能真正实现刑法的运行目的。

The network crowdfunding stands between the direct and indirect financing. Due to this special financial status,the legal risks involved are urgently needed to clarify. From the perspective of legal dogmatic analysis,the crime of illegally assimilation of public deposits is a typical example. Through clarification of the criminal law identification standards of ＂unlawfulness,openness,attractiveness,and sociality ＂in illegal fund-raising behavior,it is found that private financing on the distinction between behavior and illegal fund raising,illegal fund raising has the nature of expansion; from the perspective of criminal policy analysis,it is found that in the evolution of criminal policies for economic crimes,financial criminal policies have limited effects on different crowdfunding models. In the end,it is believed that to a certain extent,the interpretation of statutory law can reduce the tension between norms and facts,but it has certain limitations. Therefore,it needs to be involved in the consideration of criminal policy so as to truly realize the purpose of criminal law operation.