北京不同功能绿地昆虫群落组成和生物多样性特征

Insect Community Composition and Diversity of Different Green Spaces in Beijing, China

昆虫资源的保护有利于促进城市生态环境可持续发展,而城市绿地昆虫群落组成和生物多样性特征是昆虫资源保护的基础。对北京市建城区五环内5种主要功能绿地的昆虫资源进行了抽样调查、标本采集与鉴定,旨在为北京市主要功能绿地昆虫资源建立数据基础,为城市昆虫资源的保护提供科学依据。结果表明:采集到的昆虫隶属于14目105科,其中半翅目最多,占总数的41.17%,鞘翅目次之,占总数的22.16%。不同功能绿地昆虫个体数量表现为公共设施绿地>居住区绿地>道路绿地>防护绿地>公园绿地;昆虫物种数表现为居住区绿地>公共设施绿地>道路绿地=公园绿地>防护绿地。5种功能绿地的昆虫多样性指数存在显著性差异(df=4,F=3.079,P<0.05),其中,居住区绿地最高,公共设施绿地最低;不同绿地之间优势度指数亦存在显著性差异(df=4,F=2.537,P<0.05),其中,居住区绿地最低,公共设施绿地最高。5种功能绿地的昆虫物种相似度系数较低,q值在0.275 5~0.402 3之间,均为中等不相似。综上,不同功能绿地的植物组成、人类干扰和管理方式影响着绿地昆虫资源。

Conservation of insects in urban can promote human well-being, urban esthetic value and environment protection, while the information of insect community composition and diversity is the foundation of maintaining insect resources. In this study, we made a systematic investigation on Beijing urban insect resource in the multiple urban green spaces, including parks, residential areas, public facilities （e.g., university yard, gym center and institution yard）, roads and windbreaks within fifth ring of Beijing. 11 366 insect specimens were collected. The results showed that there were 398 species, belonging to 105 families and 14 orders in aforementioned 5 green spaces. The order of insect number from high to low was public facilities, residential areas, roads, windbreaks and parks, the order of insect species from high to low was residential areas, public facilities, roads was same to park, the least was windbreaks. There was significant difference of diversity index among different green spaces （df=4, F=3.079, P〈0.05）, the diversity index was the highest in residential areas, the lowest in public facilities. Dominance index was opposite order, there was significant difference of dominance index among different green spaces （df=4, F=2.537, P〈0.05）, the dominance index was the highest in public facilities, the lowest in residential areas. Among five green spaces, similarity coefficient of insect species was low which ranged from 0.275 5 to 0.402 3. In conclusion, insect species composition and diversity can be influenced by composition of plant species and diversity characteristics, and by the human disturbance and management measures of green spaces in Beijing.