基因特异性分子标记在植物育种中的研究进展

Progress of Gene-Specific Molecular Markers in Plant Breeding

基因特异性分子标记是基于基因序列中功能性单核苷酸多态性(SNP)或插入和缺失(InDels)位点开发而成,具有选择效率高、共显性、与目标基因共分离、不受遗传背景影响等优点,且与生物表型性状高度相关,在生物表型性状的鉴定中更突显出其准确性和直接性,可以准确地跟踪、定位不同遗传背景下的目标等位基因,是农作物分子标记辅助选择育种中理想的分子标记类型。对基因特异性分子标记的原理、开发及在植物育种的应用进行论述,并探讨了基因特异性分子标记的发展趋势,以期为分子标记辅助育种提供参考依据。

Gene-specific molecular markers are directly developed from functional SNPs or InDels of the gene itself. It has several advantages such as high selective efficiency, co-dominant, co-separate with the target gene, unaffected by genetic background, high correlation to trait, accuration and directness, exactly track and location of target alleles gene under different genetic background, which is an ideal molecular marker for crop marker-assisted selection breeding. The present review concerned the advances on the principle, development, application and development trend of gene-specific molecular markers, which will provide reference to the molecular assisted breeding.