环境权视角下的秸秆焚烧法律分析

Legal Analysis on the Prohibition of Burning Straws From Perspective of Environmental Rights

秸秆焚烧是中国严重的大气污染问题之一。这一现象因农村生产生活方式转变而产生,彻底解决这一问题也应当依赖系统性、综合性的社会经济手段。分析了中国现行禁止秸秆焚烧的命令控制型、经济激励型与公众参与型法律规制机制及其实施效果。结果表明,规制措施执行效果差,源于环境权上,由于城乡二元结构,农村居民环境意识薄弱,环境需求较低,环境治理能力较差。因此要得到预期的规制效果,必须在治理中平衡农民的成本收益关系。中国可以考虑依据生态补偿理论,结合国家发展生物质能源,推动农业规模化、机械化、社会生态化的政策,加大国家财政、社会治理资金对秸秆处理的补贴扶持力度,施行各类激励措施,以成本收益平衡的经济措施推动秸秆焚烧问题的法律规制。

Burning straws contributes to one of causes for the serious air pollution in China,which is caused by the change of rural production pattern and lifestyle,the thorough solution of this issue should rely on the systematic,comprehensive social and economic measures. After analyzing the command and control,the law regulation mechanism with economic incentive and public participation as well as its effectiveness of the current prohibition of burning straws in China,it was concluded that the poor implementation effect of governing measures was rooted in the environmental rights. The dual structure of urban and rural areas resulted in the weak environmental awareness,relatively low environmental demand and bad environmental governance capacity of rural residents. Thus,to obtain the desired effect,the costs and benefits of peasants must be balanced in governance.China may consider driving the policies of agricultural scale,mechanization and social ecologicalization based on the ecological compensation and in combination of national biomass energy development,strengthening the support and subsidies of national finance and social governing funds for the straw treatments,making use of various incentive measures,promoting a legal governance for solving burning straws by the economic mean based on balance of costs and benefits.