覆膜+遮阳对湖南夏播花生氮、磷、钾吸收、积累及运转的影响

Effects of Film Mulching with Shading on Absorption,Accumulation and Transportation of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium in Hunan Summer Sowing Peanut

试验在湖南农业大学耘园试验基地进行,以湘花2008为试验材料,以露地播种为对照,研究覆膜+遮阳对湖南夏播花生植株干物质积累及N、P、K吸收、积累、运转的影响。结果表明:覆膜+遮阳处理相比露地播种处理单株干物质积累量提高16.6%~26.5%。覆膜+遮阳处理增加了苗期和成熟期植株N、P、K含量,促进N、P、K吸收,显著提高全生育期N、P、K积累量,提高幅度分别为14.1%~33.3%、18.6%~34.8%、14.8%~71.5%;对营养体N、P分配系数影响较小,但提高了营养体K分配系数,而降低了生殖体K分配系数。与露地播种相比,覆膜+遮阳处理降低了茎叶中N和P向荚果中的运转量、运转率,但提高了茎叶K向荚果中的运转量和贡献率。覆膜+遮阳处理有利于促进根系吸收的N、P向生殖器官运输、积累,而促进K向营养器官(茎叶)中运输、积累,之后通过运转的方式积累到荚果。因此,建议在花针期—结荚期追施N、P肥,以满足养分快速吸收的需要;生育后期喷施叶面K肥,促进K向荚果运转。

Taking Xianghua 2008 as material,the experiment was carried out at Yunyuan Base of Hunan Agricultural University.The treatment of mulching plastic film and shading was adopted to study its effects on the accumulation of dry matter and the absorption,accumulation and transportation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium during seedling stage to mature stage compared with open field cultivation.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation per single plant of film mulching and shading treatment increased by 16.6%～26.5%.The film mulching and shading treatment increased N,P and K contents in seedlings and plants in mature stage,promoted N,P and K uptake,and significantly increased N,P and K accumulation in the whole growth period with respective increase range of 14.1%～33.3%,18.6%～34.8%,14.8%～71.5%.The film mulching and shading treatment had little effect on the partition coefficient of N and P in vegetative bodies,but increased the K distribution coefficient in vegetative bodies and decreased K distribution coefficient in generative organs.Compared with the open field sowing,the film mulching and shading treatment reduced the amount of N and P in stems and leaves transported to pod fruits,but improved the transportation amount and contribution rate of K in stems and leaves to pods.The film mulching and shading treatment was condu-cive to promote the accumulation of N and P absorbed from roots in genital organs,while promote the accumu-lation of K in vegetative organs （leaves and stems）,and then transporting into the pods.Therefore,we rec-ommended topdressing N and P fertilizers during the peanut flowering and fruit filling stage to meet the require-ment of rapid absorption of nutrients,and spraying K fertilizer at the later growth stage to promote its transpor-tation to pods.