信号交叉口机动车运行特性对排放的影响

Impact of Operating Characteristics on Vehicles Emission in the Signal Intersection

平面交叉口是城市交通网络的重要节点,机动车在信号交叉口运行时工况频繁变化。为了研究信号交叉口机动车运行特性对排放的影响,在典型信号交叉口开展机动车运行模式分布特征调研;运用高分辨率的排放模型MOVES,评估交叉口不同运行工况下的CO、NOx、HC、PM10、PM2.5污染物的排放量。研究结果表明:机动车在信号交叉口经历减速、怠速、加速等工况,减速路段减速平缓,污染物排量会有所减少,其余怠速、加速通过这几个过程相对通畅路段排量都会增大,怠速时排量最大;五种污染物排放量变化对于交通拥堵的敏感性也不同,HC、PM10影响最大,其次是PM2.5,NOX受影响较小,CO最小。研究结果使公民对信号交叉口的污染物排放有直观的了解,以此来激励公民遵守交通法规,养成良好的驾驶习惯,为缓堵减排贡献自己的一份力量。

Intersection is an important joint of urban traffic network,and operating conditions of motor vehicles change frequently when they pass the signal intersection. In order to study the impact of operating characteristics on motor vehicles emissions in the signal intersection,research of vehicle operation mode distribution was carried out on typical signal intersection in the city. And the exhaust emissions of CO,NOX,HC,PM with the different operation modes were tested in different conditions using the high resolution model MOVES. The results show that motor vehicles in the intersection experience slow,idling,acceleration and other working conditions. slowing down gently,pollutant emissions will be reduced,and the rest of the idling and acceleration conditions compared with free-flow conditions,pollutant emissions will increase,idling is maximal. Five kinds of pollutant emissions change for the sensitivity of the traffic jam is different also,HC,PM10 is most affected,followed by PM2. 5,NOXand CO affected small,CO is minimal. The results enable citizens to have an intuitive understanding of pollutant emissions at signalized intersections,then motivate citizens to obey traffic regulations,develop good driving habits,and contribute their part to relieving congestion and reducing emissions.