高分子螯合剂稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属

Macromolecule Chelating Agent Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Fly Ash of Waste Incineration

建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定飞灰浸出液中重金属浓度的方法。该方法线性范围宽,0~500 ppb;检出限低,0.005~2.1 ppb;准确度高,加标回收率在86%~103%;可同时测定多种元素。以聚乙烯亚胺基黄原酸钠处理垃圾焚烧飞灰,考察高分子螯合剂添加量、反应时间和浸提剂的pH值对螯合效率的影响。螯合剂添加量为飞灰质量的2%时,高分子螯合剂对铜、镉的螯合效率大于99%,对铅、镍、铬的螯合效率大于96%,对锌、硒的螯合效率大于92%。经稳定化处理后,飞灰中所有重金属元素的浸出浓度均低于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》中的限值。

The method is established that inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） is used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in leaching liquid of fly ash.This method has wide linear range 0 - 500 ppb,low detection limit 0.005-2.1 ppb,high accuracy,the recovery rate between 86% and 103%,a variety of elements testing at the same time.Based on treatment of fly ash from waste incineration by using sodium polyethylene imine xanthate,the effect on the chelating efficiency is investigated by adding quantity of macromolecule chelating agent,reaction time and p H of leaching agent.When adding amount of chelating agent is 2% of fly ash,the chelating efficiency of copper and cadmium by using macromolecular chelating agent is more than 99%.For lead,nickel,chromium,the efficiency is more than 96%.For zinc,selenium,the efficiency is more than 92%.After the stabilization treatment,leaching concentration of all heavy metals in fly ash is lower than the limit in ＂the pollution control standard of municipal solid waste landfill＂.