氮、磷、钾肥配比对马铃薯‘新大坪’产量、品质及其耐贮性的影响

Effects of Ratio of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Storability of Potato Variety 'Xindaping'

施肥配比不但会影响马铃薯的田间性状和产量,而且也会影响马铃薯的产后营养品质和耐贮性。以马铃薯‘新大坪’为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组设计方法,研究不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比对‘新大坪’田间性状、产量、营养品质及耐贮性的影响。结果表明,当氮、磷、钾施肥配比为N 12 kg/667m^2、P_2O_5 20 kg/667m^2、K_2O 8 kg/667m^2时,马铃薯的商品薯率和小区产量达最高,且田间晚疫病的发病率最低;块茎中氮、磷、钾元素含量及其营养品质与单一肥料施用量不呈正比,而与施肥配比有关,其中氮肥用量的影响较大,磷、钾肥用量的影响较小;从贮藏160 d的效果来看,当氮、磷、钾的施肥配比为N 18 kg/667m^2、P_2O_5 10 kg/667m^2、K_2O 8 kg/667m^2时,马铃薯贮藏损失率最低,为9.35%。综合分析主要考察指标,在该试验地肥力条件下种植‘新大坪’,氮、磷、钾肥的适宜配比为N 12 kg/667m^2、P_2O_5 10 kg/667m^2、K_2O 8 kg/667m^2,该施肥配比与当地常规的施肥配比相一致。

The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer might affect not only the field characters and yield of potato, but also the quality and storability of potato after harvest. The effects of ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on field character, tuber yield, nutritional quality and storability were studied by using potato variety＇Xindaping＇ as test material in a single factor randomized block design in this research. The highest marketable tuber percentage and tuber yield per plot, and the lowest late blight incidence in the field were recorded when N 12 kg/667 m2,P2O520 kg/667 m2 and K2O 8 kg/667 m2 were applied. The contents of N, P and K in tubers and their nutritional qualities were not directly proportional to the amount of single fertilizer application, but related to the fertilization ratio. The application of N fertilizer has great influence, but P and K fertilizers have little impacts. Besides that, the storage loss rate of potato was the lowest（9.35%, 160 d after storage）, when N 18 kg/667 m2, P2O510 kg/667 m2 and K2O 8 kg/667 m2 were applied. With comprehensive analysis of the main indicators, the suitable fertilization ratio was N 12 kg/667 m2, P2O510 kg/667 m2 and K2O 8 kg/667 m2, which is consistent with the local conventional fertilization ratio.