地铁调车室内噪声的同步测试与分析

Synchronous test and analysis of subway shunting indoor noise

地铁调车在量产前需要对样车室内噪声进行测试,然后根据测试结果对降噪工作进行定性研究。使用16通道传声器阵列同步测试地铁调车室内噪声,可准确获得车内声压分布情况。在6个工况下,发现其一位端司机室噪声值均在国标限制值78 d B(A)以下,而二位端司机室在1 500,1 800,2 100 r/min 3个工况下超标。在通过对各个工况下所有测点的1/3倍频程各频带绘制的等频带声压级云图发现63 Hz频带异常,并计算出柴油机测点与二位端司机室测点的传递率在59 Hz达到最大,证明该频率与柴油机噪声的联系,且是造成频带异常的原因。分析结果可以作为后期车辆降噪工作的理论参考。

Before the mass production of subway shunting car, the noise in model car should be tested and then qualitative study should be carried out for the noise reduction work according to the test results. Using 16-channel microphone array to synchronously test the indoor noise of subway shunting car can accurately obtain the sound pressure distribution condition in the car. Under 6 conditions, it is found the noise value at the ＂B＂end of car driver＇s room is below the national standard limit value 78 d B（A）, while the noise at the ＂A＂ end of car driver＇s room exceeds limit value at 1 500, 1 800 and 2 100 r/min. According to the equal band sound pressure level cloud map drawn based on all the 1/3 octave frequency bands of all measuring points under all working conditions, it is found that the 63 Hz frequency band is abnormal, and the transmission rate of the diesel engine and ＂A＂ end of car reaches the maximum at 59 Hz. The relationship between abnormal frequency and diesel engine noise is proved, and it is the cause of abnormal frequency band. The analysis results can be used as theoretical reference for the noise reduction work of vehicle in later stage.