摘要
近年来,以生物质为基础的生物柴油得到了迅速发展,导致了粗甘油过剩.通过甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇,进而被用于合成高价值的聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯被认为是最具工业应用潜力的反应之一,对于提高生物柴油的利用效率有着极其重要的意义.但由于反应空间位阻和热力学上的限制给甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇带来了很大的挑战,因此需要设计高活性的金属-酸双功能催化剂以降低甘油第二个C-O键断裂的活化能和减少其他副反应的发生.目前Pt-W和Ir-Re双功能催化剂可高选择性制得1,3-丙二醇,但仍需较严苛的反应条件实现对氢气的活化和解离.本课题组曾将准单原子/单原子Pt高度分散于具有大量氧空位和酸位点的WO_x载体上,十分有利于甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应;在Au-Pt/WO_x催化剂中添加Au可促进B酸产生,进而提高了甘油转化率和1,3-丙二醇的选择性.为了进一步研究Au对Pt/WO_x催化剂结构和催化性能的影响,本文利用CTAB辅助吸附法制备了Au/WO_3,再浸渍Pt制得Pt/Au/WO_3双金属催化剂.在甘油选择性氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应中,所制催化剂表现出比Au-Pt/WO_x更好的催化活性,1,3-丙二醇时空收率为0.078 g_(1,3-PDO)/(g_(cat)·h),是后者的1.95倍.值得一提的是,Au-Pt/WO_x催化剂在低压时活性较高,而Pt/Au/WO_3催化剂活性则在压力的升高而提高;另外反应温度的升高导致副产物正丙醇的选择性上升,1,3-丙二醇的选择性降低.因此,适宜的反应条件为155 ℃和5 MPa.与Pt/WO_3和Pt/WO_x相比,Pt/Au/WO_3表现出了更优异的催化性能,其1,3-丙二醇的时空收率是Pt/WO_3的2.36倍和Pt/WO_x的4倍.为了探究Au的掺入对Pt/WO_x催化剂性能的影响,通过XRD,TEM,H_2-TPR和XPS等技术对催化剂进行了深入表征.结果表明,与Pt/WO_3相比,Pt/Au/WO_3-600催化剂的XRD衍射峰向小角度偏移,其原因是Au3+离子半径(0.85?比W6+的(0.60?大,Au^(3+)以取代晶格W^(6+)形式进入WO_3晶格中;对H_2-TPR前300 ℃耗氢量的计算可知:Pt/WO_3可被还原至Pt/WO_2.96,而Pt/Au/WO_3可被还原至Pt/Au/WO_2.91.因此与Pt/WO_3相比,Pt/Au/WO_3表面氧空位更加丰富.TEM和XPS表征可知,添加0.1wt%Au后,促进了更低价态的Pt均匀分散在WO_3载体上,其平均粒径为2.36 nm.综上所述,Au的掺杂改变了Pt/Au/WO_3双金属催化剂的结构,不仅降低了Pt和W的还原温度,削弱了Pt和W之间的相互作用,也促进了更低价态的Pt均匀分散于WO_3载体上,使得Pt/Au/WO_3双金属催化剂在甘油氢解制1,3-丙二醇反应中具有更为优异的活性和产物选择性.该催化剂有望被广泛运用于其他生物质平台化合物加氢脱氧的反应中.
Pt/Au/WO_3 bimetallic catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Pt onto preformed Au/WO_3,obtained by a hexadecyl trmethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB）-assisted one-pot synthesis method.The resulting Pt/Au/WO_3 catalysts exhibited remarkable synergistic effects for selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. The characterization results showed that doping of Au promoted the reduction of both Pt and W at low temperatures and uniform dispersion of Pt on the WO_3 support. Furthermore, more low-valence Pt species were produced on the WO_3 surface after introduction of Au. These changes in electronic properties resulted in enhancement of both glycerol conversion and selectivity for 1,3-propanediol.
作者
杨超军
张帆
雷念
杨曼
刘菲
苗治理
孙永南
赵晓晨
王爱琴
Chaojun Yang;Fan Zhang;Nian Lei;Man Yang;Fei Liu;Zhili Miao;Yongnan Sun;Xiaochen Zhao;Aiqin Wang(State Key Laboratory of Catalysis,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian116023,Loaoning,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100049,China)
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21690080,21690084,21721004,21673228)
the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB17020100)
the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2016YFA0202801)~~
