湖北省成年居民膳食结构与膳食模式的变迁研究(1997～2011年)

Changes of Dietary Structure and Dietary Pattern in Hubei Adults from 1997 to 2011

目的研究湖北省成年居民膳食结构与膳食模式从1997~2011年的变化趋势。方法选取1997和2011年"中国健康与营养调查"中有3d完整24h膳食调查数据的18~75岁湖北居民作为研究对象,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,利用探索性因子分析方法建立膳食模式。结果 1997~2011年,湖北居民消费量增加的食物为:蔬菜(301.4~400.2g/d)、水果(0.8~36.0g/d)、畜肉(44.6~52.2g/d)、禽肉(5.7~12.3g/d)、蛋类(17.1~26.1g/d)、水产品(31.6~44.5g/d)、奶类(1.4~4.9g/d)和食用油(54.0~60.8g/d);消费量减少的食物为:谷类(504.3~436.0g/d)、薯类(111.1~23.9g/d)、豆类(49.2~27.0g/d)和食盐(17.6~11.2g/d)。脂肪的供能比和优质蛋白比例分别从28.0%、26.9%上升到35.1%、38.1%。1997年,男性有6种膳食模式:日常模式、肉类模式、酒类模式、速食模式、杂粮咸菜模式、素食模式;女性有7种膳食模式:日常模式、肉类模式、速食模式、奶豆鱼模式、杂粮咸菜模式、坚果菌藻模式、素食模式。2011年,男性有6种膳食模式:日常模式、速食模式、菌藻豆类模式、禽肉奶模式、畜肉水果模式、酒类模式;女性有6种膳食模式:日常模式、菌藻豆类鱼模式、速食模式、酒类模式、杂粮畜肉模式、禽肉奶模式。结论过去的14年湖北省居民的膳食质量明显提高,但整体膳食结构仍存在油脂及食盐摄入量偏高,水果和奶制品消费过低的问题。1997~2011年湖北省居民膳食模式发生改变,男性和女性膳食模式不尽相同。

Objective To examine the changing trends of dietary structure and dietary pattern in Hubei adults from 1997 to2011.Methods The Hubei residents aged 18-75 years with 24 hdietary recall data of 3 days from China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1997 to 2011 were selected.All statistic analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 software package.The exploratory factor analysis method was used to obtain dietary pattern.Results During 1997 and 2011,the intakes of vegetables（301.4-400.2 g/day）,fruits（0.8-36.0 g/day）,meat（44.6-52.2 g/day）,poultry（5.7-12.3 g/day）,eggs（17.1-26.1 g/day）,fish（31.6-44.5 g/day）,milk（1.4-4.9 g/day）and oil（54.0-60.8 g/day）increased respectively.The intakes of cereals（504.3-436.0 g/day）,tubers（111.1-23.9 g/day）,legumes（49.2-27.0 g/day）and salt（17.6-11.2 g/day）decreased respectively.Proportions of energy from fat and high quality protein increased from 28.0%and 26.9%to 35.1%and 38.1%,respectively.We obtained six dietary patterns for male groups in 1997：common pattern,meat pattern,alcohol pattern,fast food pattern,grain-pickle pattern,vegetarian pattern.Seven dietary patterns were derived for female groups in 1997：common pattern,meat pattern,fast food pattern,milklegumes-fish pattern,grain-pickle pattern,nut-mushroom pattern,vegetarian pattern.We obtained six dietary patterns for male groups in 2011：common pattern,fast food pattern,mushroom-legumes pattern,poultry-milk pattern,fruit-meat pattern,alcohol pattern.Six dietary patterns were derived for female groups in 2011：common pattern,mushroom-legumes-fish pattern,meat-fast food pattern,alcohol pattern,grain-meat pattern,poultry-milk pattern.Conclusion In the past 14 years,Hubei population has great improvement on dietary quality.However,there were problems as well,such as high intake on oil and salt,and low intake of fruit and milk.The dietary pattern of residents in Hubei province changed from 1997 to 2011,and dietary patterns were somewhat different between the male and the female.