追施蚓粪对西瓜产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Topderssing Vermicompost on Yield,Quality and Enzyme Activities in Rhizosphere Soil of Watermelon

为促进蚓粪在西瓜生产上的应用,以地雷王西瓜为种植材料,通过大田试验研究了追施不同比例蚓粪膨瓜肥对西瓜品质和产量及根际土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:追施化肥膨瓜肥土壤中的蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性表现为下降的趋势,而追施不同比例蚓粪的膨瓜肥则显著提高了两种酶活性,但两种酶活性提高的程度稍有不同,蔗糖酶活性表现先上升后下降的趋势,总体均高于化肥处理;酸性磷酸酶则表现先在对照水平上下波动后期(21d)出现上升的趋势。而土壤酶活性的上升,有助于提高土壤肥力,增加营养元素在西瓜植物和果实的积累,表现为西瓜的可溶性糖、甜度及单瓜产量均大幅度提高。其中与常规化肥等氮量的Y3蚓粪处理是最适的蚓粪添加量,既能保证西瓜品质和产量,又能节约蚓粪用量。

In order to promote the application of vermicompost on watermelon,taking the waterlemon variety of Landmine King as planting material,the effects of topdressing vermicompost at different proportions on watermelon quality and yield,rhizosphere soil fertility were studied through field experiments.The results showed that the activities of sucrase and acid phosphatase showed a decreasing trend in rhizosphere soil treated with topderssing inorganic fertilizers.The application of vermicompost at different proportions increased the activities of the two enzymes significantly.But the degree of increasing enzyme activities of the two enzymes was slightly different.The activity of sucrose showed a tendency to decrease after rising.But the overall enzyme activity was higher than the chemical fertilizer control group（CF）.The activity of acid phosphatase showed a tendency to fluctuate at the control level and then rise in the later stage（21 d）.The increase of soil enzyme activity helped to improve soil fertility and increase the accumulation of nutrients in watermelon plants and fruits which showed that the soluble sugar,sweetness and yield of watermelon were greatly increased.Y3 treatment with the same amount of nitrogen as conventional inorganic fertilizers was the optimum amount of topdressing vermicompost.It could not only guarantee the quality and yield of watermelon,but also save the amount of vermicompost.