探究我国短期自由刑的非刑罚化路径——基于实证数据的对比研究

Explore the Non-penalized Path of Short-term Freedom Penalty in China——A Comparative Study Based on Empirical Data

通过域内外实证数据的对比,我国短期自由刑存在以下问题:审前逮捕率高,拘役刑适用率低,无形中推高整体刑期,并使部分短期自由刑前移至判前阶段;3年以下有期徒刑约占所有刑罚的85%,但缓刑适用率低,犯罪人实际入监比例高;单处罚金等短期自由刑的替代性措施几乎未适用,可供选择的刑罚间欠缺协调。因此,推进我国短期自由刑的非刑罚化改革,可以尝试提高单处罚金刑的适用率,引进借鉴易科处分制度、附条件缓刑,扩大附条件不起诉的适用范围,并建立前科消灭制等制度。

Through the comparison of empirical data at home and abroad,short-term freedom penalty in our country has the following problems： pretrial arrest rate is high; the criminal detention punishment applicable rate is low,which virtually extends the whole prison term and makes part of short-term freedom penalty shift to the term before stage of sentence; the sentence of imprisonment term of less than three years is about 85% of the total punishment,but the probation is low,and the actual number of offenders put into the prison is high. The alternative measures of short-term free punishment,such as single fine,are hardly applied,and there is a lack of coordination between them. Therefore,we can try to increase the application rate of fine punishment,introduce the permitted dispose measures system,conditional probation,enlarge the scope of conditional probation and establish a criminal record system of elimination,in order to promote short-term freedom criminal penalty reform.