新疆劳动生产率变动特征及其对策研究

On Characteristics of the Change of Labor Productivity in Xinjiang and the Countermeasures

劳动生产率由全要素生产率和劳均资本决定,并与二者呈正相关关系,提高劳动生产率可以通过增加劳均资本和提高全要素生产率两个途径实现。1952年以来,新疆劳动生产率呈长期不断上升的趋势,年均增长6.01%,但近几年增速有所放缓。改革开放前(1953年—1978年),新疆劳动生产率增长率具有较强的波动性,年均增长率仅为2.37%;改革开放之后(1978年—2016年),新疆劳动生产率增长率的波动性大幅减小,年均增长高达8.46%。从纵向比较看,新疆劳动生产率在全国的排名呈下降趋势,且年均增速位次比较靠后。未来可通过重视资本积累、提升人力资本质量和创新能力、营造良好的制度环境等来增加新疆劳动力资本和提升全要素生产率,进而促进劳动生产率持续提高。

Labor productivity is determined by total factor productivity and average labor capital,which is positively related to both. Increasing labor productivity can be achieved by increasing average labor capital and improving total factor productivity.Since 1952,Xinjiang＇s labor productivity has been rising for a long time,with an average annual growth rate of 6. 01%,but the growth rate has slowed in recent years. Before the reform and opening up（ 1953-1978）,labor productivity growth rate has a strong volatility in Xinjiang,with an average annual growth of only 2. 37%. After the reform and opening up（ 1978-2016）,the volatility of labor productivity growth in Xinjiang has been greatly reduced,with an average annual growth of 8. 46%. From the longitudinal comparison,Xinjiang＇s labor productivity in China＇s ranking showed a downward trend,and the average annual growth rate of more backward. In the future,we can increase the average labor capital and total factor productivity of Xinjiang by paying attention to capital accumulation,improving human capital quality and innovation ability,and creating a good institutional environment,and thus promote labor productivity continues to improve.