退休计划的行为经济学研究综述

A Summary of the Research on Behavior Economics of Retirement Schemes

研究微观主体如何做出满意的退休计划在积极应对人口老龄化、发展宏观经济方面具有重要的指导作用。目前,行为经济学关于退休计划的研究成果主要分为退休消费—储蓄决策、退休投资决策和退休年龄决策三个部分,其中行为经济学主义者用心理账户、前景理论及行为生命周期理论等分析了退休消费—储蓄决策,羊群效应、过度自信、短视、前景理论和缺乏金融知识等解释了人们退休投资决策中的非理性,并且认为养老保险、社会网络与信息、政策激励、对职业的满意度及家庭协议等因素影响了退休年龄决策。这些研究成果对我国当前建立养老保险"第三支柱"、延迟退休等政策都具有启发价值。

The research on how to make a satisfactory retirement plan plays an important role in guidance in dealing with the aging of the population and developing the macro economy.At present, a large number of practical data prove that there is always a deviation between the model prediction and the actual situation in classical economics, and people can not make the optimal retirement plan because of their cognitive ability, limited willpower and other psychological characteristics.Behavioral economists combine social psychology with economic models, and their research results make up for the shortcomings of classical economics.By combing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper finds that retirement plan is mainly divided into three parts： retirement consumption-saving decision,retirement investment decision and retirement age decision, among which behavioral economists use psychological accounts.Prospect theory and behavior life cycle theory analyze retirement consumption-saving decision, explain retirement investment decision with herding effect, overconfidence, shortsightedness, prospect theory and lack of financial knowledge.Social networks and information, policy incentives, job satisfaction and family agreements affect retirement age decisions.These research results have enlightening value to the policy of ＂the third pillar＂ and delay retirement of our country’s current development of old-age insurance.