瓜果类蔬菜木薯渣育苗基质配方筛选研究

Studies on Selection of Substrate Formula of Cassava Slag for Fruit and Vegetable Seedlings

以腐熟的木薯渣作为主要原料,与草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩按照不同体积比混配成12个基质配比,以市场上成品蔬菜育苗基质作为对照,研究不同配比基质的理化性质及其对不同种类瓜果蔬菜幼苗生长的影响,筛选出适合黄瓜、番茄、西瓜生长的育苗基质配方。结果表明,木薯渣、草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为40∶40∶10∶10(T5处理)和20∶40∶20∶20(T6处理)的复配基质各项理化性质均在瓜果类蔬菜幼苗生长要求的适宜范围内,2个基质配方培育的瓜果类蔬菜幼苗出苗率、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力、根体积、根尖数等生长和生理指标均表现较好。根据瓜果类蔬菜幼苗的生长状况,并结合环境和经济方面等因素,在生产上推荐使用木薯渣比例更高的T5处理作为黄瓜育苗专用基质配方,T6处理可作为瓜果类蔬菜通用育苗基质配方。

Abstract：Taking mature cassava slag as main raw material,mixing it with peat,vermiculite and perlite by different volume ratios into 12 substrate ratios,this paper studied the physical and chemical properties of different matrix ratios and their effects on the seedling growth of different kinds of fruit and vegetable taking finished vegetable seedling substrate in the market as the contrast.The paper also screened out seedling substrate formulas suitable for the growth of cucumber,tomato and watermelon.The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of compound matrix of cassava slag,peat,vermiculite and perlite in the ratio of 40∶40∶10∶10（T5 treatment）and 20∶40∶20∶20（T6 treatment）were within the suitable range of seedling growth requirements for fruit and vegetable.The seedling emergence rate,seedling index,chlorophyll content,root activity, root volume,root tip number and other growth indicators of fruit and vegetables grown in the 2 matrix formulas were better than that of the other formulas and contrast.According to the growth condition of fruit and vegetable seedlings,combined with environmental and economic factors,it is recommended to use T5 treatment with higher proportion of cassava residues as a special formula for cucumber seedlings in production.While,T6 treatment can be used as a general formula for fruit and vegetable.