侦查错误研究——以认知科学为视角

Research on investigation error——From the perspective of cognitive science

侦查错误是指侦查机关或侦查人员在侦查阶段,根据侦查情势的变更,基于认知偏差而作出与案件客观情形或法律规范不符的认知或行动,因而未能达到侦查目的的一种状态。选取锚定效应及其产生的偏差、选择性信息呈现及其产生的偏差以及群体思维及其产生的偏差这三种常见的导致侦查人员出现侦查错误的认知科学因素进行分析,并针对这三种情况产生的偏差制定相应的预防机制,可以有效减少侦查错误的产生。

Investigation error refers to the fact that the investigating agency or investigator has failed to achieve the purpose of investigation in the investigation stage,for making a cognition or action that is inconsistent with the objective situation or legal norms of the case because of cognitive bias,based on the changes of investigation situation.Select three cognitive science factors of the anchorage effects and their deviations, the selected information presentation and its deviations,and group thinking and its deviations, that commonly lead investigators to investigation errors to be analyzed. To establish appropriate preventive mechanisms to the deviations arising from the various conditions can effectively reduce the occurrence of investigation errors.