结直肠癌免疫检查点治疗的研究进展

Advances in Research of Immune Checkpoints for Colorectal Cancer

免疫检查点治疗是目前肿瘤学领域最有前途的方法之一,已在多种实体瘤中观察到长期缓解,但在结直肠癌(CRC)的应用仍未取得可观的成果。CRC肿瘤微环境的相关研究发现,升高的Foxp3^+肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞与CD^+8T细胞有关,提示预后良好。错配修复基因的缺失会损害DNA的修复,导致新抗原的产生,从而被免疫系统识别并诱导特异性免疫应答。综合评估免疫检查点抑制剂对高度微卫星不稳定性CRC患者的治疗有效。未来应致力于预测生物标志物及拟定免疫检查点联合治疗方案来改善CRC患者的预后。

Immune checkpoint treatment is one of the most promising methods in the field of oncology,and long-term remissions have been observed in a variety of solid tumors.However,no significant results have been achieved in colorectal cancer（CRC）.Studies on the colorectal tumor microenvironment found that elevated Foxp3~＋tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are associated with CD＋8 T cells and suggested a good prognosis.Loss of mismatch repair genes can impair DNA repair,resulting in the production of new antigens that are recognized by the immune system and induce specific immune responses.This makes immune checkpoint inhibitors effective in the treatment and evaluation of patients with high microsatellite instability.In the future,efforts should be made in predictive biomarkers and developing a combination therapy for immune checkpoints to improve the prognosis of CRC patients.