我国废弃电器电子产品回收模式和处理处置技术

The recycling models and treatment technologies of waste electrical and electronic products in China

我国废弃电器电子产品的回收模式历经个体经营者收集模式、"以旧换新+政策补贴"回收模式、依托互联网技术的新型回收模式等3个阶段。回收集中后的废弃电器电子产品必须经过运输仓储、拆解分类、资源化利用、再生材料生产等环节或工序才能够实现资源化利用和增值。资源化利用环节是处理处置的关键和核心环节,主要工艺和技术有破碎分选等机械物理法工艺、火法冶金工艺、湿法冶金工艺和其他先进工艺。对我国废弃电器电子产品回收模式的变迁、多级破碎-多级分选工艺、火法冶金技术、湿法冶金技术和湿法破碎-水利摇床分离技术进行综合评述。

The recycling model of waste electrical and electronic products （WEEP） in China has gone through three stages： individual manager collection model, old for new service and policy subsidy model, new recycling model based on Internet Technology. In order to realize resource utilization and value addition, the collected WEEP have to be carried out through transportation and storage, disassembly and classification, resource utilization, production of recycled materials. Among above WEEP treatment ＆ disposal link or process, resource utilization is the key and core link.The main resource utilization processes and technologies are mechanical physical process, pyrometallurgical process, hydrometallurgical process and other advanced processes.In this paper, the evolution of recycling model, mechanical physical process, pyrometallurgical process, hydrometallurgical process, hydro-crushing and water rocking separation technology of WEEP in China are reviewed.