漫谈知识产权的权利边界:缺乏目的性变形的使用权能

On the Boundary of Intellectual Property: the Use Regulated by Intellectual Property Law

针对知识产权对象的各种"使用"行为,并非均落入知识产权的保护范围,知识产权的"使用权能"只规制"知识产权法意义上的使用"。为避免使用权能的扩大化,应以"知识产权概念的目的"为标尺,对其进行"目的性变形"。知识产权以保护权利人的市场利益为目的,故只有与之相关的使用才具有知识产权法意义。知识产权法意义上的使用为"客观使用",而非"主观使用",并以"功能性使用"与"传播性使用"为构成要件。功能性使用,是基于知识产权的权利对象为"新知识"这一基本特征,其含义为:根据"新知识"自身具有的属性,对"新知识"本身进行运用,从而使行为人获得市场利益。传播性使用,是基于知识产权的权利作用为"传播权"这一基本特征,其含义为:此种使用包含或涉及以再现"新知识"的方式向不特定第三人进行传播。

The unauthorized use of intellectual property is not necessarily an infringement of intellectual property rights, because such use does not always fall into the category of the use that is regulated by intellectual property law. To avoid abusing the use regulated by intellectual property law, its definition should match the purpose of intellectual property rights, which is to protect market interests of the right owner from being infringed. So only the use that affects the right owner＇s market interests matters in the context of intellectual property law. The use regulated by intellectual property law is an ＂objective use＂ rather than ＂subjective use＂. It consists of two key elements, i.e. ‘functional use＇ and ‘disseminative use＇. Since the subject of intellectual property is ‘new knowledge＇, the functional use refers to making use of the knowledge per se, and gaining market interests accordingly. Since the function of intellectual property rights is the ‘right to disseminate＇, the disseminative use refers to disseminating the new knowledge to a third party by reproduction.