矿物固化核废物的研究进展

Progress in the Study of Mineral Solidified Nuclear Waste

进入21世纪以来,核废物的处置成为核能利用的一大难题。人造岩石和铁氧化物矿石因在高放废物固化研究中具有良好的性能,近年来被广泛研究。对常见的人造岩石和铁氧化物矿石固化体在含高放核素和模拟核素固化处理方面的进展进行了综述,主要包括其组分、固溶量、化学稳定性和理论计算等方面。与常见的玻璃、水泥固化体相比,人造岩石和铁氧化物矿石固化体在高放核素固化处置中具有明显的优势,是高放废物地质深埋处置的理想固化体。然而,人造岩石和铁氧化物矿石固化体仍处于研究开发阶段,尚未实际应用到放射性核环境中。

In the twenty-first Century,the nuclear waste has aroused a big problem despite of the advantage of nuclear energy. In recent years,artificial rock and iron oxide minerals have been widely studied for the disposal of nuclear waste due to their good performance for the solidification of high radioactive waste. In this work,the progressfocusing on the solidification of common artificial rocks,iron oxide minerals solidified in high radioactive nuclides,and analog nuclides,were presented in detail. The corresponding components,solid-soluted content,chemical stability and theoretical calculation were discussed. Comparing with the glass and cement solidified bodies,the artificial rocks and iron oxide minerals solidified bodies could show noticeable advantages for the high radioisotope solidification treatment. The ideal solidified bodies for deep disposal of high level radioactive waste were suggested. However,two kinds of solidified substrates were still at the stage of research and development and have not yet been applied to the radioactive nuclear environment. High efficient and convenient disposal of high level radioactive waste still face great challenges.