以黏土颗粒为惰性剂的低爆速乳化炸药爆炸性能及爆轰机理

Detonation Properties and Mechanism of Low Detonation Velocity Emulsion Explosives with Clay Particles as the Inert Agents

以黏土颗粒为惰性添加剂制备出一种新型乳化炸药;采用探针法和铅柱压缩法分别测得该新型乳化炸药的爆速及猛度,并对黏土颗粒降低乳化炸药爆速的机理进行分析;通过水下爆炸试验测得不同配方的水下爆炸参数。结果表明,当黏土颗粒和玻璃微球质量分数分别在0~20%和5%~15%时,新型乳化炸药的爆速为2 815~4 420m/s,猛度为7.9~18.9mm;通过实验结果拟合得到新型乳化炸药爆速、猛度的经验公式分别为:D=4 923.1-9 930a-2 980b(m/s)、Δh=23.3-74a-20b(mm),其中,a、b分别为新型乳化炸药中玻璃微球和黏土颗粒的质量分数;水下爆炸实验结果表明,黏土颗粒含量对水下爆轰参数有着显著影响,当其质量分数达20%时,新型乳化炸药的峰值压力、冲击波冲量、比冲击波能、比气泡能和总能量相比传统乳化炸药分别下降了33.34%、13.19%、67.67%、71.73%和70.96%。

A novel emulsion explosive is developed using clay particles as an inert additive.Its detonation velocity and brisance were measured by probe method and lead cylinder compression method,respectively.The mechanism of clay particles to reduce the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive was analyzed.The underwater detonation parameters of different formulas were tested by underwater explosion experiments.The results show that when the mass fraction of clay particles is 0-20% and the mass fraction of grass microspheres is 5%-15%,the detonation velocity of the novel emulsion explosive is 2 815-4 420 m/s and the brisance is 7.9-18.9 mm.The empirical formulas of detonation velocity and brisance of the novel emulsion explosive obtained by fitting experimental results are D=4 923.1-9 930 a-2 980 b（m/s）andΔh=23.3-74 a-20 b（mm）respectively,of which,aand b are the mass fraction of clay particles and grass microspheres,respectively.The results of the underwater explosion experiments reveal that the clay particle content has a significant influence on the results of underwater detonation parameters.When the mass fraction reaches 20%,the peak over pressure,shock wave impulse,specific shock wave energy,specific bubble energy and specific total energy of novel emulsion explosive decrease by 33.34%,13.19%,67.67%,71.73% and 70.96%,respectively,compared with traditional emulsion explosives.