基于专利角度的纤维素降解生物法预处理研发进展

Bio-Pretreatment of Cellulose Degradation R&D Progress Based on Patent Perspective

纤维素生物转化主要技术瓶颈在于预处理技术不够成熟、纤维素酶活性较低及转化效率不高等,造成生产成本过高。预处理各方法中物理化学法、化学法、物理法,在效率相对较高的同时带来新的环境污染与能源消耗问题,生物法需要解决效率和成本问题,属于颠覆性技术方向,是未来研究的热点。收集国内外纤维素降解生物法预处理专利数据,应用主流情报分析软件,对纤维素降解生物法预处理总体研发态势、主要研发方向和核心专利技术进行分析。纤维素降解生物法预处理总体上还处于发展期,研发力度有限、成本较高、酶解效率有待提高,美国的研发布局相对完善,我国的产业化特征不明显。目前的研发重点有两个,一是选育分泌高效降解组合酶的菌株,二是通过遗传工程对降解木质纤维素起作用的基因片段进行基因改造,从而提高降解效率。

There are some main technical bottlenecks about cellulose bioconversion. The pretreatment technology is not mature enough, the activity of the cellulase is too low and the conversion efficiency is insufficient, all these bottlenecks cause high production costs. The physicochemical, chemical and physical of pretreatment methods bring about new environmental pollution and energy consumption problems, although they have increased efficiency. As a disruptive technology, the biological method will become a hotspot of future research after the issue of efficiency and cost is solved. In this paper, we discuss the bio-pretreatment of cellulose degradation by collecting domestic and foreign patent data. Using mainstream intelligence analysis software, we can analyze bio-pretreatment of cellulose degradation about its overall R D situation, its main R D direction and also its core patents. The bio-pretreatment method of cellulose degradation on a whole is still in its development phase, with limited R D efforts, high cost and low efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis. The R D layout about this bio-pretreatment method in the United States is relatively perfect, while the industrialization in our country is not obvious. Currently, there are two main R D priorities, one is to breed strains that secrete high-yielding combination enzymes, and the other is to genetically change the gene fragments that are useful in degrading lignocellulose through genetic engineering, thereby to improve the degradation efficiency.