明初理学思想辨析——以刘基、宋濂、方孝孺为例

Analysis of Neo-Confucianism in the Early Ming Dynasty——Taking Liu Ji,Song Lian,Fang Xiaoru as an Example

明初理学多以曹端为开端,忽视了真正的明初理学奠基者刘基、宋濂、方孝孺等人,这种截断众流的做法也忽略了明初理学内部气学、心学、理学融合贯通的趋势,如刘基重视元气说,宋濂则倾向于于心学,方孝孺更是主张通过扩充良知良能而达到至善等。通过对以刘基、宋濂、方孝孺为代表的明初理学发展特点进行探究,发现明初理学承元代理学朱陆合流之势,继续融合贯通,为后来明代理学由程朱理学发展为阳明心学做好了思想上和理论上的准备。

In the early Ming Dynasty,Cao Duan was the beginning of Neo-Confucianism,which ignores the true founders of the Neo-Confucianism in the early Ming Dynasty,including Liu Ji,Song Lian,Fang Xiaoru,and others. This practice of cutting off the crowds also ignored the integration of Qixue,Xinxue,and Lixue,which are respectively advocated by Liu Ji,Song Lian,and Fang Xiaoru. The article explores the characteristics of Neo-Confucianism in the early Ming Dynasty represented by Liu Ji,Song Lian,and Fang Xiaoru,and believes that the Neo-Confucianism of the Ming Dynasty and the Confucian School at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty will continue to merge. It will serve the development of Wang Yangming＇s Xinxue in thought and theory from the Cheng and Zhu of Neo-Confucian School for the later Ming Dynasty.