“中华民族”入宪:概念由来、规范释义与重大意义

"Chinese Nation" Entering into the Constitution:Origin of Concept,Normative Interpretation and Great Significance

"中华民族"作为一个整体民族概念,业已得到全体中华儿女的广泛接受与认同。2018年3月11日通过的《中华人民共和国宪法修正案》将"中华民族"这一概念正式确立为一个重要的宪法范畴而载入其中。值此重大宪法时刻,以宪法与民族法学的研究视野和分析方法,阐发"中华民族"入宪的三个重要议题。就"中华民族"概念的由来而言,民族主义作为现代国家的重要支柱,创造了民族与民族国家的新秩序,这是"中华民族"概念提出的现实背景。顺应这一时代变化,"中华民族"概念的提出在促进民族解放、铸牢"中华民族"共同体意识和确立振兴中华民族目标等方面奠定了宪法基础;就"中华民族"概念的规范释义而言,"中华民族"入宪后的整体民族观可具体阐释为中国各民族共同组成了更高层次的国家民族,即"中华民族"。"中华民族"的概念并不遮蔽各民族的本体性,其中,"中华民族"的宪法地位可定性为中国的"国家民族";就"中华民族"入宪的重大意义而言,"中华民族"入宪在实现执政党的历史使命与国家的目标任务的高度契合、形成最为广泛的爱国统一战线、坚持"一国两制"和推进祖国统一、铸牢"中华民族"共同体意识等方面具有重大而深远的意义,为中华民族伟大复兴奠定了坚实的宪法基础。

As a holistic concept,the ＂ Chinese nation＂ has been widely recognized by all Chinese. The ＂ Amendment of the Constitution of the People＇s Republic of China＂ passed on March 11,2018 officially incorporated the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ into the constitutional preamble. On this important ＂ constitutional moment＂,the three important issues concerning the ＂ Chinese nation＂ entering into the Constitution are studied with the research perspective and analysis methods of ethnic law and constitutional jurisprudence. Firstly,the origin of the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ was explored. The rise of nationalism created a new order for the nation and nation states,which is the realistic background proposed by the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂. Of course,the promotion of the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ had multiple meanings at that time;Secondly,in terms of the normative interpretation of the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂,the constitutional national view of ＂ Chinese nation＂ can be explained as follows： the different nation（ minzu） in China make up a higher level of nation,that is,the ＂ Chinese nation＂. The concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ does not obscure the subjectivity of different nation（ minzu）. The constitutional status of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ can be identified as the ＂ state nation＂ of China. Finally,in terms of the significance of the concept of the ＂ Chinese nation＂ into the Constitution,it highlights its significance in the following aspects： the realization of the mutual conformity between the CCP＇S historical mission and the country＇s goals and tasks,forming the most extensive patriotic united front,adhering to the principle of ＂ one country,two systems＂ and promoting unity of the motherland,casting the consciousness of the Chinese community.