日本生态环境监管体制及其启示

Ecological Environment Supervision System of Japan and Its Enlightenment

环境省是日本国家层面生态环境监管体制的核心,其监管能力由《环境省设置法》建立的相关制度提供保障。在国家与地方自治体的关系上,环境省可依法对地方自治体的生态环境监管违法行为进行干预。日本地方自治体生态环境监管的一大特色是广泛运用公害防治协定/环境保护协定,根据企业环保承载力不同而对生态环境进行灵活监管。根据党的十九大报告关于加强生态环境监管的要求,借鉴日本成功经验,我国生态环境监管体制改革既要确保监管部门的监管能力得以落实,也要建立促使地方政府切实履行生态环境监管职责的长效机制,此外,还可试点推行地方政府与污染企业签订环境保护协定来对生态环境进行监管。

The Ministry of Environment is the core of the ecological environment supervision system of Japan,and its supervision ability is guaranteed by the relevant system established by the Setting Law of the Ministry of Environment. The Ministry of Environment may intervene in the illegal behavior of the ecological environment supervision which is carried out by the local government according to laws. One of the features of the ecological environment supervision system of Japan＇s local government is the extensive use of Environmental Protection Agreements which has the flexibility to supervise in accordance with the different environmental bearing capacity of enterprises. According to the requirement on strengthening ecological environmental supervision in the report of 19 th CPC National Congress and Japan＇s successful experience,the reform of Chinese ecological environment supervision system should not only ensure the supervision ability of supervision department,but also establish a long-term mechanism to prompt the local government to implement the duties of ecological environment supervision. In addition,local governments and polluters can be piloted to sign Environmental Protection Agreements to supervise ecological environment.