大鼠髂动脉球囊损伤模型的建立及血管组织学观察

Establishment of rat iliac artery balloon injury model and determination of vascular histology

目的建立一种高效可靠的大鼠髂动脉球囊损伤血管再狭窄模型,观察损伤血管的组织形态学变化。方法取42只雄性SD大鼠,用2F球囊导管自腹主动脉切口插入,推拉3次造成左侧髂动脉损伤并分别于术后即刻、3、7、14、21、28和56 d,取大鼠左侧髂动脉及右侧正常髂动脉行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察损伤后不同时间血管组织形态学变化,测量并计算内膜面积与中膜面积的比值(N/M),评价内膜增生情况。结果 42只大鼠1只死于术后出血,发生并发症3只,建模成功率90%(38/42)。球囊损伤可以使大鼠髂动脉内膜剥脱,平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移、新生内膜增生,导致管腔狭窄。损伤后3 d开始有新生内膜形成,7 d时内膜面积与N/M值与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),此后内膜面积逐渐增加,28 d达到最大,内膜面积及N/M值14、21、28、56 d与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),7、14、21、28 d组间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),而28 d与56 d间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论球囊导管建立大鼠髂动脉损伤模型高效可靠,可以满足血管损伤后再狭窄研究的需要。

Objective To establish an efficient and reliable model of vascular restenosis induced by iliac artery balloon injury in rats, and to determine the histomorphological changes of injured vessels. Methods Forty-two SD rats were included in the study. The 2 F ballon catheter was inserted via the abdominal aorta, and the left iliac artery injury was caused by pushing and pulling for three times. The left iliac artery and the right normal iliac artery were harvested immediately and at 3,7,14,21,28 and 56 d after the operation for HE staining. The changes of vascular histomorphology at different time points were determined. The neointima to-media area ratio（N/M） was measured and calculated, and the neointima hyperplasia was evaluated. Results One case of 42 rats died of postoperative bleeding and 3 cases developed complications. The success rate of modeling was 90%（38/42）. Balloon injury could cause inti-mal exfoliation of iliac artery, proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, neointimal hyperplasia, and stenosis of the vessel lumen. At 3 d after the injury, the neointima began to form. The neointima area and N/M value at 7 d were significantly different from those in the control group（P〈0.05）. Then, the neointima area gradually increased and reached the maximum at 28 d. There were significant differences in the neointima area and N/M value at 14, 21, 28 and 56 d compared with those in the control group（P〈0.01）. There were statistically significant differences at 7, 14,21 and 28 d between the groups（P〈0.05）, whereas there were no statistical differences at 28 and 56 d（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The establishment of rat iliac artery balloon injury model with balloon catheter is effective and reliable.It can meet the needs of the study of restenosis after vascular injury.