城市单层公交车不同火源位置人员疏散分析及优化

Analysis and Optimization of Personnel Evacuation for Fires Located in Different Parts of Single-deck Bus

结合公交车火灾事故及人员疏散特点,运用Pyrosim软件的FDS+Evac功能模拟分析城市典型单层公交车三种不同火源位置发生火灾时乘客的疏散场景,认为前、后门过窄将影响人员疏散。由此提出优化方案:将公交车前门宽度由原来的0.8 m增加至1.1 m,后门宽度由原来的1.1m增加至1.5 m。模拟和研究结果表明,火源位于车厢前部时,疏散时间为200 s,优化后的疏散时间减少了49 s;火源位于车厢中部时,疏散时间为440 s,优化后的疏散时间减少了240 s;当火源位于车厢尾部时,疏散时间为155 s,优化后的疏散时间减少了48 s。

Therefore 3 different evacuation scenarios with fires located in different parts of single-deck bus were simulated with the FDS ＋ Evac function of Pyrosim. The analysis of the simulation showed that the width of door would affect the efficiency of personnel evacuation. To optimize the evacuation efficiency,the front door＇s width was enlarged from 0. 8 m to 1. 1 m and the back door＇s width from 1. 1 m to 1. 5 m in the simulation. The simulation results show that when the fire is located in the front of the bus,the 200 s of evacuation time can be reduced by 49 s with the optimized door widths; when the fire is located in the middle,the 440 s of evacuation time can be reduced by 240 s; when the fire is located in the rear,the 155 s of evacuation time can be reduced by 48 s.